China and ASEAN took steps to widen trade through a fresh pact. The arrangement aims to boost commerce between China and the 10-member bloc. With growing unease, analysts warned over growing Chinese investment, warning of risks in deeper ties. In Australia, CPA Australia attended a Shenzhen economic exchange ahead of APEC. Singapore-based legal firm Wotton Kearney set up a shipping disputes practice. Vietnam confirmed a strategic partnership for its trade showcase.

Earlier commentary contended that mainstream international trade theory ignores development concerns. That view points to gaps in the way trade gains are assessed across economies.